One technique which we didn't cover is the principle of grouping and its relationship with strong alignment and proximity.
The concept of grouping is simply that elements (sentences, headings, images, etc...) which are related are visually connected. One of the easiest ways to accomplish this is by placing the elements in close proximity with each other. For example, if the caption for an image or diagram is placed directly under it (or even better, the text of the caption is worked into the diagram itself), then it will be easier for readers to interpret and recognize the relationship between the caption and the graphic.
Strong alignment is another technique to achieve visual grouping and relates to having the discernible edges of elements lined up horizontally or vertically.
A good example of when strong alignment is used in practice is when using bulleted lists: each bulleted point is offset from the body text and left-aligned to a consistent vertical line. This differentiates the bulleted items from the body copy and groups them together.
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